The rating of the fuse depends on the cable thickness. The fuse protects the cable.
The cable thickness is related to the power consumption of the amp. 8 Gauge will do nicely. Use a 50 or 60 Amp fuse.
There are two routes you can take with the power cable.
From the battery, into the cabin filter 'void' via the loom grommet and through the bulkhead via the second loom grommet. It will appear in the drivers footwell above the cardboard shelf thing.
It can then be run down the side of the car under the sill cover and up into the boot.
This will take about 5 metres.
The second route applies to auto facelifts. From the battery, across the engine bay under the scuttle edge and through the blanking grommet where the throttle cable used to go. Carefully threaded over the pedal mountings and down the car under the sill as before.
This will take about 6m, but it is much easier.
Tunnie was going to use this route until he discovered that despite having a facelift (the car I mean), his throttle cable hole was being used by a cable of some sort. His is a manual.
You can run a sub independantly.
The amp should have a 'Low pass' filter, which should be selected.
The amp will have a gain control to allow you to balance the sub to the speakers.
I doubt if the Bose has an external 'remote' wire. Any ignition switched feed will do. (They'll be one feeding the radio), but put a small (1amp) fuse in line as close to the source as poss.
Mount the amp on some MDF and fix it securely to the car.
What model is it by the way? If it's small enough, it may fit in the cubby hole.